This handbook proposes a more integrative approach to women's depression, in particular, and mental health, for all more generally. Until recently, women's health issues have centered on the topic of reproductive health, because research focused almost exclusively on biological and anatomical differences distinguishing men and women. However, since it has been established that symptoms of depression and the diagnosis of depression are more prevalent in women, this work now focuses on updating the biological, psychological, and sociopolitical explanations for the gender gap to better address efforts at treatment and prevention.