The Middle East is a hot spot of proliferation and it is the world region that witnessed the most frequent and severe employment of chemical weapons since the end of World War I. Notwithstanding, not a single arms control regime concerning weapons of mass destruction (WMD) covers the region as a whole. This volume, written under the auspices of the EU Consortium for Non-Proliferation and Disarmament determines the current state of diplomatic efforts to establish a weapons of mass destruction (WMD) free zone in the Middle East. In doing so, it provides insights into central actors? conflicting political positions, thereby explaining the stalemate of efforts to negotiate a WMD-free zone.