Biografía del autor George B. Vold (1896-1967) was Professor of Sociology at University of Minnesota. He was an influential and renowned scholar and educator, contributing numerous articles, studies and speeches to the field of sociology and criminology. Thomas J. Bernard, Ph.D. SUNY Albany, is Professor of Sociology and Criminal Justice at Penn State. Jeffrey B. Snipes, Ph.D. SUNY Albany; JD, Stanford, is Professor in Criminal Justice Studies at San Francisco State University. Alex B. Gerould, JD, University of San Francisco, is Professor in Criminal Justice Studies at San Francisco State University.