Discusses, in detail, the theory, setups, and practical biological/biochemical applications for combinations of evanescence microscopies with other optical techniques such as polarization, photobleaching, correlation spectroscopy, scattering, image enhancement, optical force, two-photon, energy transfer, structured illumination, scanning, quenching, and single molecule detection. Physical and qualitative discussions augment the rigorous math, making the book accessible and interesting to a wide range of audiences with backgrounds from biology to chemistry to physics. The book also contains useful step-by-step guides to building, modifying, and aligning TIRF microscopy systems for specialized purposes.