Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- CONTENTS -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Preface -- 1 An Overview of Specific Learning Difficulties -- 1.1 Learning Disabilities, Learning Differences or Learning Difficulties? -- 1.2 Specific Learning Difficulties: What Are They? -- 1.3 Different Approaches to Defining Specific Learning Difficulties -- 1.4 The Processes of Reading and Learning How to Read -- 1.5 Writing Processes and Learning to Write -- 1.6 The Cognitive Determinants and Possible Causes of Specific Learning Difficulties -- 1.7 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder -- 1.8 Autistic Spectrum Disorders -- 1.9 Summary -- 2 The Identification of Specific Learning Difficulties in Another Language -- 2.1 Assessment, Identification and Diagnosis -- 2.2 The Process and Tools of Assessment -- 2.3 Reading in Different Languages and Orthographies -- 2.4 Cognitive and Linguistic Predictors of Reading Outcomes and Reading Difficulties in Different Languages -- 2.5 The Role of Social, Educational and Contextual Factors in Reading Difficulties -- 2.6 Identifying Reading and Learning Difficulties in Multilingual Students -- 2.7 An Overview of Assessment of Specific Learning Difficulties for Multilingual Learners -- 3 The Cognitive Effects of Specific Learning Difficulties on the Processes of Learning an Additional Language -- 3.1 The Construct of Working Memory -- 3.2 The Construct of Language Learning Aptitude and Its Interrelationship With Working Memory -- 3.3 Language Learning Aptitude and SpLDs -- 3.4 The Interrelationship of Cognitive Abilities, L1 Skills and L2 Learning -- 3.5 The Effect of SpLDs on the Processes of Second Language Learning -- 3.6 The Second Language Learning Processes of Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorders -- 3.7 The Cognitive Benefits of Learning Additional Languages -- 3.8 Conclusion and Implications