This leading history of mid-nineteenth century Italy has been completely revised for the second edition. It focuses on the relationship between the Italian national movement, the Risorgimento and the Italian unification, largely achieved in 1859-60. In this new edition the rise of liberal and national attitudes in the various states of Italy is discussed in the context of the literary, cultural, religious and political history of Europe during the period. New chapters have been included on the development of the Italian language and the role of women. Further new chapters cover the last stage of unification and describe how the new Kingdom of Italy established itself down to 1876. The book combines an expanded selection of original documents with narrative in a clear structure in order to make this complex period accessible.