"Although a highly important topic among philosophers of mathematics, the Quine-Putnam indispensability argument has recently encountered considerable scrutiny, with many influential philosophers unconvinced of its cogency. The argument urges us to place mathematical entities on the same ontological footing as other theoretical entities indispensable to our best scientific theories. In a detailed yet accessible manner, this book outlines the indispensability argument, then defends it against its various challenges." "While the book focuses squarely on the indispensability argument, it also considers other intriguing topics in the philosophy of mathematics. These include questions about ontological commitments, the applications of mathematics to physical theories, and, most importantly, the Quinean backdrop from which the indispensability argument emerges. This backdrop consists of the doctrines of holism and naturalism; the latter being of critical importance to the indispensability debate. As a result, this book devotes significant attention to the doctrine of naturalism and its relevance to the dispute." "A must for specialists in the field, this enlightening work is appropriate for non-specialists as well. It will appeal to a wide philosophical audience, in addition to anyone interested in mathematics and physics."--BOOK JACKET.