This book considers the history of Do It Yourself art, music and publishing, demonstrating how DIY strategies have transitioned from being marginal, to emergent, to embedded. Through secondary research, observation and original interviews, each chapter details the peak period of a city's subcultural activity and assesses the contemporary situation since the post-subcultural period circa 1995 in order to address the impact of globalized culture in the wake of digital and internet technologies. The book aims to challenge existing histories of sub-cultures by looking at less well-known scenes and movements as well as explore DIY "best practices" to trace a template of best approaches for sustainable, independent, locally owned creative enterprises.