5.3.2.1 Limit horizontal displacement of RPPs -- 5.3.2.2 Limit maximum flexure for prolonged creep life -- 5.4 Determination of limit soil pressure -- 5.4.1 Calculation of limit soil pressure -- 5.4.2 Calculation of limit soil resistance -- 5.5 Limit horizontal displacement and maximum flexure of RPPs -- 5.6 Finalising the design chart -- 5.7 Calculation of factor of safety -- 5.7.1 Approach 1: conventional method of slices -- 5.7.1.1 Design steps for approach 1 -- 5.7.2 Approach 2: infinite slope -- 5.7.2.1 Design steps for approach 2 -- 5.8 Design recommendations -- 5.8.1 Extent of reinforcement zone -- 5.8.2 Material selection -- 5.8.3 Selection of RPP spacing -- 5.8.4 Minimum RPP length and RPP sections -- 5.8.5 Recommendations on design method -- 6 Construction methods -- 6.1 Early development of construction techniques -- 6.2 Types of equipment and driving tools for field installation -- 6.2.1 Davey Kent DK 100B drilling rig -- 6.2.2 Klemm 802 drill rig with KD 1011 percussion head drifter -- 6.2.3 Deere 200D with FRD F22 hydraulic hammer -- 6.2.4 Caterpillar CAT 320D LRR with CAT H130S hydraulic hammer -- 6.3 Field installation rate -- 6.4 Potential challenges of RPP installation -- 6.4.1 Slope steepness -- 6.4.2 Skilled labour -- 6.4.3 Connection between the hammer and pile head -- 6.5 Special installation techniques in adverse situations -- 7 Case studies -- 7.1 US highway 287 slope in Midlothian, Texas -- 7.1.1 Site investigation -- 7.1.2 Slope stability analyses at US 287 slope -- 7.1.3 Slope stabilisation using RPPs -- 7.1.4 Field installation -- 7.1.5 Instrumentation and performance monitoring -- 7.1.6 Performance of RPPs based on the results from instrumentation -- 7.1.7 Performance of the unreinforced northbound slope -- 7.2 Highway slope near Mockingbird Lane, Dallas, Texas -- 7.2.1 Site investigation