Analyses the causes and consequences of regional turbulence in the Middle East following the 2003 Iraq War and the 2011 Arab uprisings The Middle East has experienced unprecedented levels of instability and violence during the first decades of the 21st century, including regime breakdown, heightened rivalry and competition, civil and proxy wars, cross-border military intervention, refugee flows and the emergence of violent non-state actors. Samer Shehata brings together leading Middle East scholars to investigate the drivers of regional turbulence and its impact on the politics of different states and actors in the region. Nine case studies assess the foreign policies and role of the United States and Israel, Iran and Turkey's policies toward the Syrian crisis, and the impact of regional turbulence and intervention on Yemen, Egypt, and relations among Arab Gulf states. The consequences of regional turbulence on violent non-state actors and on the region's newly emergent Salafi parties are also examined. Based on original interviews, examination of primary documents and research that cuts across the traditional boundaries of domestic, regional and international politics, this volume produces new insights about one of the most turbulent periods in Middle East regional politics. Samer S. Shehata is the Colin Mackey and Patricia Molina de Mackey Associate Professor of Middle East Studies, University of Oklahoma.