This book compiles articles from the Smart Nanocomposites Journal. Topics discussed include two different chemical routes to obtain graphene or few-later graphite; gas sensors based on multiwall carbon nanotubes decorated with different metal oxides nanoparticles; mechanism of multi-wall nanotube nucleation based on Mullins-Sekerka instability; self assembly of silicon nanoislands on crystalline silicon under a photoactive layer; and synthesis of light emitting SiOx Layers with calculable optical properties.