Recommendations -- Background: the Roma of Hungary before the advent of communism -- Violence and police response -- Community violence and police response -- Police violence against Roma -- Identification checking -- Lack of legal mechanisms to punish police abuse -- Attacks on Roma by the citizens' guards -- The skinhead movement and political parties -- Failure to prosecute hate crimes- paragraph 156 of the Hungarian criminal code -- Discrimination in education -- Discrimination in the workplace -- Discrimination in housing -- Denial of access to public establishments and government services -- The legal situation of Roma- failure to enforce the laws on minority autonomy -- Failure to implement the Minorities Law.