Rethinking Leviathan offers a new approach to the history of the modern state. It concentrates on the eighteenth century and on two cases, those of Britain and Germany. These two countries have always been test-cases for historians and social scientists looking at the development of the modern state because they have been seen as presenting the two main alternatives in the state-building process. Using a comparative study of the British and German states, including Prussia, it deconstructs certain cliches about them and forces us to rethink how to study states in the early modern era.