Concluding comments -- Notes -- References -- 6 Work -- An 'unattached spirit' -- Attitudes to the grave visit -- 'Key themes' in Japanese religion -- The Segaki rite -- Annual pilgrimage to a Fudo temple -- Monthly grave rite -- New Year -- Prayers to the god of the mountain (Yama no kami reisai) -- The opening of the sports hall -- The Hatsu-uma ('First Horse') ceremony -- The anniversary of the founding of Toray -- The end-of-year 'Great Purification' ceremony (Nenmatsu Oharaishiki) -- The theme of 'safety' -- 'Belief' in the efficacy of religious rites -- Compulsion and duty in religious rites -- The influence of Yoshioka-san -- Toray rites in a wider perspective -- Notes -- References -- 7 Leisure -- Visits to shrines and temples -- New Year shrine visits (Hatsumode) -- Shrines and temples as recreational centres -- The Jizo bon in Sonoyama -- Shinto festivals (matsuri) -- Tourism -- Miscellaneous annual events (nenchugyoji) -- (1) Setsubun -- (2) The Girls' and Boys' Festivals -- (3) Tanabata -- (4) Christmas -- Concluding comments -- Notes -- References -- 8 Times of crisis -- Prayer -- Illness -- Yakudoshi beliefs -- Common attitudes towards yakudoshi years -- 'Belief' in yakudoshi years -- Shrine visits during yakudoshi years -- Yakudoshi charms -- Social pressure to conform to yakudoshi observances -- The 'bamboo tree' of life -- Notes -- References -- 9 Death -- Japanese funerals -- Butsudan rites -- Inheriting responsibility for the rites -- Grave rites -- Kamidana rites -- 'Substitute butsudans' -- Yakudoshis and memorial rites: structural parallels -- The afterlife -- Motivations for ancestral rites -- Memorialism -- Memorialism as a 'key theme' in Japanese religion -- Notes -- References -- 10 Shifting worldviews -- Science and spirituality -- Ethics and religion -- Feelings of shame and guilt -- Directions of change -- Notes