9.5.1 Machinery safety -- 9.5.2 Safety against chemical hazards -- 9.5.3 Safety in the use of cranes -- 9.5.4 Safety in the use of heavy mobile equipment -- 9.6 Permit-to-work system -- 9.7 Emergency response management -- 10: The human element in accident control -- 10.1 The human operator as a barrier element -- 10.2 Human error -- 10.2.1 The theory of risk homeostasis -- 10.2.2 Successful operations and failure-free organisations -- 10.3 Managing the human element in accident prevention -- 10.3.1 Modification of the physical and organisational context -- 10.3.2 Personnel-related measures -- 10.3.3 Effectiveness of measures directed at workers -- Section 3: Learning from incidents and deviations -- 11: Sources of data on accident risks -- 11.1 The ideal scope of different data-collection methods -- 11.2 Filters and barriers in data collection -- 12: Hazard identification, safety inspections and audits -- 12.1 Hazard identification -- 12.2 Safety inspections -- 12.2.1 Workplace inspections -- 12.2.2 Management inspections -- 12.2.3 Inspection and testing of barrier integrity -- 12.3 Safety audits -- 12.3.1 General guidelines for the auditing of management systems -- 12.3.2 Example: Safety audit of a hydropower plant during refurbishment -- 12.3.3 Application of SMORT in audits -- 13: Incident reporting and investigation -- 13.1 Why investigate incidents? -- 13.2 The steps in the investigation -- 13.3 Investigations at three levels -- 13.4 Reporting and first recording of incidents -- 13.4.1 Problems of underreporting -- 13.4.2 The significance of reporting near accidents -- 13.4.3 Behaviour theory applied to the reporting of incidents -- 13.4.4 Employees' self-reporting of unwanted occurrences -- 13.4.5 Reporting to the authorities -- 13.5 Immediate (Level 1) investigation and follow-up -- 13.5.1 The quality of the supervisor's first report