Planning is particularly important in Eastern Europe since most spatial change and economic planning are the products of centralised decision-making, which in turn is the product of a systematic socio-political ideology. Planning is therefore an important key to understanding society, economy and spatial change in Eastern Europe. This book, which was first published in 1987, provides a comprehensive overview of planning in Eastern Europe. Each chapter discusses the nature of planning in the country in question and the changes which have taken place since 1945, and examines regional, economic, land-use, environmental protection and urban design policies and their achievements in the post- 1945 period. Introductory chapters discuss the physical, economic and political background of the area and a conclusion considers overall successes and failures and discusses likely future developments. This book is ideal for students of geography.