This volume offers a systematic integration of philosophical investigation and neuroscience research. The roots of the integration lie in long-standing philosophical concerns with the epistemology of scientific investigation and the metaphysics of mind. These concerns are interrelated with historical and current research in neuroscience, presented in papers by philosophers and neuroscientists juxtaposed throughout the volume. By introducing key themes in philosophical inquiry and the basic concepts of neuroscience, this text provides philosophers with the necessary background to engage in the neurosciences and offers neuroscientists an introduction to the relevant tools of philosophical analysis. Study questions and references are provided in each chapter to enhance the reader's understanding of these principles.