Table of Contents: Pt. I. Approach to clinical problems 1. Examining the respiratory system 2. Poorly controlled asthma 3. Recurrent or persistent 'chest infection' 4. Chronic cough 5. Stridor 6. Infant apnoea 7. Cystic fibrosis : poor weight gain 8. Cystic fibrosis : loss of lung function 9. Chest pain 10. Haemoptysis 11. The immunocompromised child 12. Muscle weakness 13. Pneumonia on the intensive care unit Pt. II. Specific conditions 14. Asthma 15. Cystic fibrosis 16. Respiratory pathogens 17. Community-acquired pneumonia 18. Bacterial infections 19. Viral infections 20. Fungal infections 21. Parasitic and protozoal infections 22. Tuberculosis 23. HIV infection 24. Structural problems of upper and lower airways 25. Sleep-disordered breathing and other sleep problems 26. Respiratory control disorders 27. Sudden infant death syndrome 28. Apparent life-threatening events 29. Cerebral palsy 30. Gastro-oesophageal reflux and aspiration lung disease 31. Foreign body aspiration 32. Inhalational lung disease 33. Non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis 34. Primary ciliary dyskinesia 35. Primary immuno-deficiency 36. Post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans 37. Pleural effusion 38. Pneumothorax 39. Chronic lung disease of prematurity 40. Chest wall deformity and scoliosis 41. Congenital lung anomalies 42. Craniofacial abnormalities 43. Atopic eczema and allergic rhinitis 44. Food allergy 45. Heart disease 46. Interstitial lung disease 47. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis 48. Neuromuscular weakness 49. Thoracic tumours 50. Pulmonary complications of cancer treatment 51. Pulmonary hypertension 52. Pulmonary infiltrates with eosinophilia 53. Sickle cell disease 54. Rare diseases affecting the lungs or airway 55. Lung transplantation 56. Use of oxygen 57. Inhalers and nebulizers 58. Airway clearance techniques 59. Immunization 60. Dealing with non-adherence to therapy 61. Non-invasive ventilation 62. Tracheostomy 63. Airway management 64. Bronchoscopy 65. Chest drains 66. Changing a tracheostomy tube 67. Ciliary brush biopsy 68. Lower airway samples 69. Exercise testing 70. Exhaled and nasal NO measurement 71. Skin prick testing App. 1. Blood gases and acid-base balance App. 2. Fitness to fly App. 3. Polysomnography App. 4. Measuring lung function App. 5. Lung function : normal values.