Psychoanalysis and psychoanalytical psychotherapy remain unparalleled sources of insight into the unconscious determinants and dimensions of psychological suffering. However, there is a worldwide debate as to the most appropriate ways in which to carry out research into psychopathology and treatment, which remains true to the essence of the discipline. This volume presents the rationales, methods and findings of some of the main empirical studies. The methodological and scientific problems, as well as some sophisticated solutions, are illustrated with concrete research examples. The distinguished contributors to this volume share the common aim of bridging the gap between practising therapists and researchers.