Neurocutaneous Syndromes unify a group of rare neurological disorders in which the initial identification depends on simple visual disgnosis. They include a large group of neurological disorders which feature cutaneous and ocular lesions, brain malformations, central and peripheral brain tumours, mental retardation, seizures and psychiatric problems. In the last few years, our knowledge of neurocutaneous syndromes has increased substantially. The aim of this volume is to provide an updated developmental perspective on these multifaceted conditions and to review their major clinical features, in particular their embryological basis, clinical molecular genetics, diagnostic protocols and novel therapeutic approaches.