8 Bystanders -- The story of Trent, a defender -- Family and peer relationships -- Trent's understandings and experiences of bullying and persistent bullying -- Risk factors and protective mechanisms -- Summary of Trent's perspective -- The story of Zoe, an outsider -- Family and peer relationships -- Zoe's understandings and experiences of bullying and persistent bullying -- Risk factors and protective mechanisms -- Summary of Zoe's perspective -- The story of Rick, another outsider -- Family and peer relationships -- Rick's understandings and experiences of bullying and persistent bullying -- Risk factors and protective mechanisms -- Summary of Rick's perspective -- The story of Ben, a follower -- Family and peer relationships -- Ben's understandings and experiences of bullying and persistent bullying -- Risk and protective factors -- Summary of Ben's perspective -- What influences bystanders' decisions to act or not? -- Chapter summary -- References -- 9 Cyber and hybrid bystanders -- What are the differences between face-to-face and cyberbullying? -- When is an act like the fight considered bullying? -- Repetition -- Power imbalance -- Impact on the victim -- What influences cyberbystanders' decisions to act or not? -- Chapter summary -- References -- Part V Addressing the problem -- 10 Relationships, wellbeing and bullying -- The pivotal role of relationships -- Family relationships -- Student-teacher relationships -- Peer relationships -- The link between empathy and relationships -- Persistent bullying, the need to belong and status -- The role of parent and teacher attitudes in bullying and victimization -- Self-concept of those who bully -- Self-verification and reputation enhancement -- Chapter summary -- References -- 11 Turning points and chain reactions -- What are turning points? -- Potential turning points in the life of Leah (victim)