This literary study offers a fresh view of the significance of the famous group of fourteenth-century poems, Pearl, Cleanness, Patience, and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. It is a comprehensive study which puts the poems themselves firmly at its center, though it is always alert to relevant aspects of their literary and cultural context. John Anderson finds that the great fourteenth-century struggle, between religious and secular forces for control of men's minds, underlies all the poems. Despite its wide range of reference and the radicalism of some of its leading ideas, this book is written in a jargon-free style designed to appeal to specialist, non-specialist and student readers alike.