Introduction: Islam and the Modern Orientalist World-System, Khaldoun Samman and Mazhar Al-Zo'by; I. Systems, Culture, and Difference; The Political Construction of Islam in the Modern World-System, Immanuel Wallerstein; Women: The Trojan Horse of Islam and Geopolitics, Marnia Lazreg; Civilized or Decadent? Time and the Culture of the Arabs, Joseph Massad; II. Islam and the World-System; Does Islam Exist? The Islamic longue duree and World-Systems Analysis, Boris Stremlin; Islamic Activism and the "Secular" Modern World-System: Muslim Networks, Turkish Integration, and the Civil/Cosmopolitan Movement of Fethullah Gulen, Joshua D. Hendrick; Putting Islam Back into the Equation: Islam as a Discursive World-System, Ovamir Anjum; III. Religion, Capitalism, and Social Movements; Political Islamism and Political Hinduism as Forms of Social Protection in the Modern World-System, Ganesh K. Trichur; Transformations of Capitalism: The Significance of Religious and Ethnic Movements Kalouche-Mielannts; IV. Identity, Binaries, and Difference; Define and Rule: The Role of Orientalism in (Re)Colonizing Eastern Europe, Manuela Boatca; Beyond Master and Slave, Subject/Object, Self/Other in the Contemporary World-System: A Critical Understanding of Identity Construction and the Islamist Movements, Paul C. Mocombe; From Utopistics to Utopystics: Integrative Reflections on Potential Contributions of Mysticism to World-Systems Analyses and Praxes of Historical Alternatives, Mohammad H. Tamdgidi.