Introduction / Luca Degl'Innocenti and Brian Richardson -- ORAL PERFORMANCES AND WRITTEN TEXTS. Oral and Manuscript Cultures in Early Modern Italy / Peter Burke -- Paladins and Captains: Chivalric Clichés and Political Propaganda in Early Modern Italian War Poems / Luca Degl'Innocenti -- Performance, Print, and the Italian Wars: Poemetti Bellici and the Case of Eustachio Celebrino's La presa di Roma / Jessica Goethals -- Ahimé, ahi, o, deh: Interjections and Orality in lamenti during the Italian Wars / Florence Alazard -- Orality and Print: Singing in the Street in Early Modern Venice / Iain Fenlon -- Levels of Orality in the Published Scenarios of Flaminio Scala / Richard Andrews -- Theories on Linguistic Variety in Renaissance Italy: Between Regional Identities and Oral Performance / Chiara Sbordoni -- FUNCTIONS OF ORALITY IN THE WRITTEN WORD. Orality, Literacy, and Historiography in Neapolitan Vernacular Urban Chronicles of the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries / Chiara De Caprio and Francesco Senatore -- And the Voice of the People Climbed Parnassus: Lingua Napolitana from Street Dialect to Canon / Lorenza Gianfrancesco -- Traces of Orality in Machiavelli's Prose / Jean-Louis Fournel -- Nature versus Grammar: Annibal Caro's Apologia as a Manifesto for Orality / Stefano Jossa -- ORALITY, THE LEARNED, AND LEARNING. Not by Books Alone: The Spoken Life of the Learned / Françoise Waquet -- Oral, Manuscript, and Printed Circulation: The Many Lives of Benedetto Varchi's Lectures in the Accademia degli Infiammati of Padua / Roberta Giubilini -- The Private and Public Sessions of the Accademia dei Ricovrati: Orality, Writing, and Print in Seventeenth-Century Padua / Warren Boutcher -- Il passaggiere / The Passenger (1612): Benvenuto Italiano's Dialogues for Learning Spoken Italian / Vilma De Gasperin