Generalities -- Ethnic stocks -- Language and literacy -- Religions and communities -- Hinduism and Caste -- Some social tendencies -- The Pakistani evolution -- 6 Historical Outlines -- The Indus Civilization -- The coming of the Aryans -- The major geographical lineaments of Indian history -- The perennial nuclear regions -- The Delhi-Agra axis and the Cambay node -- Pre-Muslim invasions and empires -- India between East and West -- The Muslim advance -- The Mogul synthesis -- The Mogul collapse -- Europe in India: Portugal -- Europe in India: The Age of Conflict -- Territorial rise of 'John Company' -- The Indian Empire -- Nationalism -- 7 Village and Town in India -- I THE INDIAN VILLAGE -- The village in general -- A village in detail: Aminbhavi -- The village: its aspect and life -- II THE INDIAN TOWN -- Some general characteristics -- Four representative towns : Kanchipuram -- Poona -- Qadian -- Simla -- Addendum: Recent changes at Aminbhavi -- PART III THE ECONOMY -- 8 Agriculture and Agrarian Problems -- Comments on the data -- I GENERALITIES -- Classification of area -- Types of farming: Kharif and Rabi -- Irrigation -- II MAJOR CROPS AND THEIR DISTRIBUTION -- A. Food and fodder -- B. Food/cash crops: Oilseeds and sugar -- C. Fibres -- D. Miscellaneous peasant crops -- E. Plantation crops -- III ANIMAL HUSBANDRY -- The cattle problem -- Better breeds -- Dairying -- Hides and skins -- Other livestock -- IV OTHER RURAL OCCUPATIONS -- Forests and Forest products -- Fishing -- V AGRARIAN PROBLEMS AND PROGRAMMES -- A. Problems of technique -- Sub-division and fragmentation -- The fertilizer problem -- Tools and seeds -- roads and markets -- B. Problems of social organization -- Land Reform in India -- Bhoodan, Gramdan and co-operative farming -- Debt, credit, co-operation -- Community Development and Panchayati Raj -- Agrarian reform in Pakistan