Climate change has emerged as the most pressing global challenge of the 21st century. Sea level has been reported to be increasing at a rate of 0.1 to 0.2 mm/year while Sea Surface Temperature (SST) showed increase of 0.6 to 1°C, over the last century. Climate change has a dramatic effect on natural ecosystems and environment often leading to acceleration in biodiversity loss. These impacts will have a knock-on effect on many sectors that depend on natural resources, such as agriculture, fisheries, aquaculture, energy and tourism. Thousands of peer-reviewed studies from around the world have documented evidence for extensive climate effects I environment that are already occurring and may of which are irreversible. Climate change is altering aquatic ecosystems, driving shifts in physical and chemical processes, ecological communities and the distribution and abundance of commercially important species. Ocean warming and acidification also affect growth and reproduction processes of many marine organisms, which may reduce stock availability of several commercial species and food and nutritional security of the masses. Intelligent mitigation strategies to minimize climate change impacts can result in advanced, novel technologies; healthier aquatic ecosystems and higher food security and well-being for humans.