Immunopathogenesis has recently been receiving increased interest from researchers, leading to a better understanding of the mechanisms of neurological disorders and consequently to new diagnostic approaches and therapeutic perspectives. Clinical neuroimmunology in childhood is the focus of the present volume. This book is divided into three sections. The first part deals with the relationship between the immune and the nervous systems, from antigen presentation to autoimmunity and its role in neurological disease. In the second part, the nosography of immune-mediated neurological diseases in children is described, including those primarily involving the central nervous system and those secondary to systemic immunological disorders. The last part of the book is devoted to diagnostic and therapeutic criteria.