Numerous states have passed gender integration legislation permanently admitting women into their military forces. As a result, these states have dramatically increased women?s numbers, and improved gender equality by removing a number of restrictions. Why do states abandon their policies of exclusion and promote gender integration in a way that women?s military participation becomes an integral part of military force? By examining twenty-four NATO member states, this book argues that civilian policymakers and military leadership no longer surrender to parochial gendered division of the roles, but rather support integration to meet the recruitment numbers due to military modernization, professionalization and technological advancements.