Tom Winnifrith examines how the great nineteenth-century novelists managed to say something new and important about sexual behaviour in spite of rules which dictated that the recording of this behaviour should combine the utmost discretion and deep disapproval. On the surface their fallen heroines seem to suffer the conventional cruel fate of the erring female: death or Australia or both. Tom Winnifrith examines ways in which the great novelists continued to portray the complexities underlying the simple division of women into angels and whores.