Why estimands are important -- Estimands and how to define them -- Strategies for dealing with intercurrent events -- Real world examples in choosing and specifying estimands -- Causal inference and estimands -- Putting the principles into practice -- Overview of estimators -- Modeling considerations -- Overview of analyses for composite intercurrent event strategies -- Overview of analyses for hypothetical intercurrent event strategies -- Overview of analyses for principal stratification intercurrent event strategies -- Overview of analyses for while-on-treatment intercurrent event strategies -- Overview of analyses for treatment policy intercurrent event strategies -- Missing data -- Sensitivity analyses -- Example data -- Direct maximum likelihood -- Multiple imputation -- Inverse probability weighted generalized estimated equations -- Doubly robust methods -- Reference-based imputation -- Delta adjustment -- Overview of principal stratification methods -- Analytic case study of depression clinical trials -- Analytic case study #2 -- Analytic case study #3.