This book presents important research advances in the study of stem cell research, as well as stem cell applications in diseases; stem cell transplantation; and pluripotent stem cells. Topics discussed herein include stem cell therapy for Alzheimer's disease; cancer stem cells and ncRNAs; stem cell applications in diabetes; image-guided stem cell therapy; cancer stem cells; stem cell transplantation; vascular tissue engineering; bone marrow-derived stem cells; and stem cell plasticity.