As the second volume of a two-volume set on the Chinese economic history, this book investigates the economic development of China since 1949, uncovering the momentum, unique models, and general laws of economy in China. From the perspective of development economics, the two-volume set studies the economic history and development of China since 1912, with a focus on the quantitative analysis of economic activities. Comprised of two core parts, this second volume first describes the historical process and characteristics of economy since 1949 and then looks into the momentum and inner logic that underpin the economic development. The former part covers issues of agriculture, industry, population and labor force, urbanization and labor mobility, income distribution and poverty, and price changes. The latter part includes analyses on the capital formation, human resources, technological progress, institutions, macro policies, international trade, and direct investment. This title will be of great interest to scholars and students working on Chinese economic history, Chinese economy, and Chinese modern society.