The Romans created the most successful and longest-lasting empire in history. They conquered and civilised a territory that stretched from Scotland to Libya, from Portugal to Iraq - and then ran it for more than 400 years. The dream of Rome has lived on in the memory of European leaders ever since, and one after the other they have tried to imitate the Roman achievement. Charlemagne tried it. Napoleon tried it. And now the European Union can be seen as the latest attempt to rediscover the unity of the Roman empire. So how did the Romans pull it off? Boris Johnson has long been fascinated by the Roman achievement - how they managed to weld the peoples of Europe together, and how they created a cultural and political identity that is proving so elusive to us in Europe today. Here he presents an account of how they financed and organised the state. He explains the miraculous process by which people wanted to become Roman citizens and, for the first time, to share a common European identity.With minimal regulation, and a tiny bureaucracy, the Romans created the first single European market, complete with single currency - and all with an army that represented a very small percentage of the population. What was their magic? This is the first book to examine the Roman system in detail, as a way of casting light on the challenges we face today. It is full of the wonderful scenes and extraordinary characters who made our civilisation, and who still inspire the dream of Rome.