Section I : Models of diagnosis -- What is diagnosis? / Karen Cosby -- Medical decision making / Karen Cosby -- Modern cognitive approaches to the diagnostic process / Pat Croskerry -- Section II : Informal and alternative approaches to diagnosis -- Alternatives to conventional medical diagnosis / Pat Croskerry -- Complementary and alternative medicine / Pat Croskerry -- Section III : The elements of reasoning -- Stone age minds in modern medicine : ancient footprints everywhere / Pat Croskerry -- Cognitive and affective biases, and logical failures / Pat Croskerry -- The rational diagnostician / Pat Croskerry -- Individual variability in clinical decision making and diagnosis / Pat Croskerry -- Section IV : Challenges and controversies in diagnosis -- Diagnostic error / Karen Cosby -- The role of the healthcare system in diagnostic success or failure / Karen Cosby -- Do teams make better diagnoses? / Karen Cosby -- How much diagnosis can we afford? / Karen cosby and Mark L. Graber -- Section V : The fix -- Medical education and the diagnostic process / Pat Croskerry -- Cognitive bias mitigation: becoming better diagnosticians / Pat croskerry -- Diagnostic support from information technology /Karen Cosby -- What is the patient's role in diagnosis? / Karen Cosby -- Appendix A. cognitive biases -- Appendix B. logical fallacies