Mental Health and Mental Illness: A Historical Perspective -- Components of Empathy and Mental Health -- Preoccupation with Oneself -- Motivation to Attend to Another Person -- Cognitive Perspective-Taking -- Relating to Another Person Emotionally -- Psychological Boundaries -- Communicating Empathy -- Summary -- Reflective Questions -- Questions for Therapists -- References -- 6. Taming the Fight or Flight Response -- Fear and Anger: Two Sides of the Same Coin -- Anxiety and Empathy -- Anger and Empathy -- Perceived Scarcity, Daily Hassles, and Burnout -- Coping Well with Strong Emotions -- Mindfulness -- Summary -- Reflective Questions -- Questions for Therapists -- References -- 7. Relationships and Empathy: Treating the Other Person as a "Thou"--What Are We Aiming For? -- Various Kinds of Relationships -- Low-Influence Relationships -- High-Influence Relationships -- Relationships Defined by Past Patterns or Future Goals -- Empathy for One's Enemies? -- When Others Hurt Us Deeply -- Summary -- Reflective Questions -- Questions for Therapists -- References -- 8. Beliefs and Ideals that Motivate Attention to Others' Well-Being -- Ideologies, Psychological Needs, and Empathy -- Spirituality and Empathy: Future-Focused, Divisive, or Self-Serving Ideals -- Spirituality and Empathy: Present-Focused, Inclusive, Humble Ideals -- Social Attitudes and Empathy -- Showing Empathy when We Don't Share the Patient's World View -- Summary -- Reflective Questions -- Questions for Therapists -- References -- PART III: Developing Empathy: Why Bother? -- 9. Implications for Therapists -- Assessment -- The Goals of Therapy -- The Process of Therapy and the Therapeutic Relationship -- The Content of Therapy -- Advocacy and Mental Health Care Systems -- Summary -- References -- 10. Implications for Parents -- Why Empathy Matters for the Next Generation