Deportation and Exile describes the fate of hundreds of thousands of Poles - men, women and children - deported to Soviet territory by Stalin's security agencies between 1939 and 1948. Amnestied in 1941, recruited to Polish units formed on Soviet soil, tens of thousands made their exit into Persia in 1942. The rest either made their way back to Poland as combat troops, having been recruited to a second, communist-led army in 1943-44, or else awaited formal repatriation agreements concluded towards the end of the war.