This book, first published in 1987, studies the practical and intellectual import of China's educational relations with the industrialised West, the Soviet Union and Japan. On the practical level, it provides a broad historical and philosophical context within which the possibilities and dangers inherent in China's educational involvement with developed countries may be considered. The book tests the theory that education transfers from the developed to the developing world have been used to consolidate political domination and economic exploitation by providing a detailed and provocative historical analysis of China's relations with the major developed nations.