Protection of natural biopolymers: proteins (collagen, keratin), carbohydrates (starch, cellulose) and others, is a very acute problem. Numerous fungi, insects and rodents damage raw materials, and finished products both during manufacturing and at storage. To study methods and protection facilities we systematised information on main types of biodestructors and gave numerous examples of synthesis of the most known and active preparations to control insects and other organisms damaging natural polymers in light and food industries. The monograph is written by a group of authors famous for their papers on chemistry of low-molecular bioregulators and means for plant protection.