The ecumenical patriarchate. Byzantine Commonwealth 1000-1500 / Jonathan Shepard -- Byzantium and the west 1204-1453 / Michael Angold -- Culture of lay piety in medieval Byzantium 1054-1453 / Sharon E.J. Gerstel and Alice-Mary Talbot -- Rise of hesychasm / Dirk Krausmüller -- Art and liturgy in the later Byzantine Empire / Nancy P. ?ev?enko -- Mount Athos and the Ottomans c.1350-1550 / Elizabeth A. Zachariadou -- Great Church in captivity 1453-1586 / Elizabeth A. Zachariadou -- Orthodoxy and the west: Reformation to Enlightenment / Paschalis M. Kitromilides -- Bars'kyj and the Orthodox community / Alexander Grishin -- Legacy of the French Revolution: Orthodoxy and nationalism / Paschalis M. Kitromilides -- The Russian church. Russian piety and Orthodox culture 1380-1589 / Stella Rock -- Art and liturgy in Russia: Rublev and his successors / Lindsey Hughes -- Eastern Orthodoxy in Russia and Ukraine in the age of the Counter-Reformation / Robert O. Crummey -- Russian Orthodox Church in imperial Russia 1721-1917 / Simon Dixon -- Russian piety and culture from Peter the Great to 1917 / Chris Chulos -- Eastern Christianities. Eastern Christianities (eleventh to fourteenth century): Copts, Melkites, Nestorians and Jacobites / Françoise Micheau -- Armenians in the era of the crusades 1050-1350 / S. Peter Cowe -- Church and diaspora: the case of the Armenians / S. Peter Cowe -- Church and nation: the Ethiopian Orthodox Täwahedo Church (from the thirteenth to the twentieth century) / Donald Crummey -- Coptic Christianity in modern Egypt / Anthony O'Mahony -- Syriac Christianity in the modern Middle East / Anthony O'Mahony -- IV. The modern world. Diaspora problems of the Russian emigration / Sergei Hackel -- Orthodox Church and communism / Michael Bourdeaux and Alexandru Popescu -- Modern spirituality and the Orthodox Church / John Binns.