This is the first biography of one of the outstanding humanists of the fifteenth-century Renaissance. Benedetto Accolti's interests ranged from rhetoric, humanism and Italian poetry to Roman law, from historical thought and medieval antiquarianism to the crusades and church history, and his work as a scholar, author and historian is placed in a wide context stretching from antiquity to the eighteenth century. The intellectual, political and economic milieu of Accolti's native city of Arezzo, neglected in modern scholarship, is explored, and the importance of Accolti's career as chancellor of Florence, his role in bringing the new learning to the chancery and his work as an administrative reformer are recognized for the first time. Florence's response to the Turkish menace and contribution to papal crusading efforts are reinterpreted, and new information regarding Accolti's connections with leading Florentine patricians is brought to light.