Worked stones are one of the most commonly encountered materials in archaeological excavations and surveys. They can be either minerals or, if granular aggregates of one or more types of minerals, rocks. The correct identification of these stones is an important part of any archaeological study. This book provides archaeologists with a clear and comprehensive explanation of how to recognize the archaeologically important rocks and minerals. It does this using only their macroscopic properties, which are those that can be observed with the unaided eye or, at most, with a low-power magnifying glass. Such observations include both distinctive visual attributes and responses to inexpensive, simple-to-use tests. Determinative keys are also provided to guide the identification process. Recognition of the many stone varieties is made easier if there is a general understanding of their geological formation and so brief overviews are provided on the origins of minerals and rocks.