An investigation is made here of a marking and counting system used in Ancient Egypt similar to the one existing in Mesopotamia, during the fourth millennium BCE. Th e archaeological model indicates that, this development was crucial to the invention of writing and to social stratifi cation in both Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt. Th is fact was corroborated by archaeological analysis of the areas, indicating a very early state formation at the beginning of the Middle Uruk Period in Mesopotamia, which corresponded to the Predynastic Period in Egypt. A correlation is made here of proto-signs from both areas, Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt, which was probably used for longrange trade between both regions.