This volume examines the provision of primary medical care in twenty-three different, predominantly developed countries, selected because of their variety and importance. An analysis is made of the problems and fundamental requirements of primary care (known as general practice in many countries). Arguments are put forward on priorities of spending and allocation of resources. Reasons for failure in the provision of adequate medical care are advanced. The role of the medical profession in education and in the quality of advice it has given to governments throughout the world are examined. Who should provide primary care? How should doctors be paid? Does the method of payment influence the quality of treatment received by the patient? Are any general lessons to be drawn from particular countries that could be of help in others? These and other questions are examined and answered.