This study offers an interpretation of the Acropolis Korai of Athens with consideration given to their cultural and historical contexts. The starting point is an analysis of their inscriptions and the ancient usage of the terms Kore and Parthenos. This is followed by an iconographic evaluation of the Korai and a consideration of the contexts in which they were found. The mythology and cult practices of early Athens are then examined in order to outline possible interpretations of the sculptures. Finally, a dating proposal is formulated that enables a precise historical classification of the Acropolis Korai in archaic and early classical Athens.