This collection of fourteen key papers deriving from CEEJA's second international conference exploring the Japanese history of technology, concentrates on the routes to acquiring and transmitting technical knowledge in Japan's modern era - from the very earliest endeavours in establishing opportunities for acquiring a technical education to the translation of foreign textbooks and manuals. Published in two volumes and thematically structured in three Parts, this wide-ranging work both complements and expands on the subject-matter contained in the first volume entitled Technical Knowledge in Early Modern Japan (2020). Part I includes 'Francois Leonce Verny and the Beginning of the "Modern" Technical Education in Japan', by NISHIYAMA Takahiro; 'The Role of the Ministry of Industry in Designing Engineering Education in Meiji Japan' by WADA Masanori; 'From Confucianism to Modern Technical Studies: Studying Mining at the Imperial College of Engineering (Kobu-dai-gakko)' by Erich Pauer. ' Part II includes 'Education of Female Silk Reeling Instructors in the Meiji Period' by SASHINAMI Akiko; 'Kikuchi Kyozo and the Implementation of Cotton Spinning Technology' by Janet Hunter; 'The Establishment and Curriculum of the Industrial Schools (shokko gakko) in Meiji Japan' by TODA Kiyoko. Part III includes 'Transfer of Technology via Technical Textbooks: From the West to China and Japan' by CHEN Hailian; 'Translation of European Books on Natural Sciences and Technology in China' by Christine MOLLMURATA; 'Translation of Foreign Textbooks for Education in Japan' by Ruselle Meade.