The Phenomenology of Cultural Knowledge -- The Social Construction of Cultural Knowledge -- 1. Experience, Typification, and Symbolization -- 2. Beliefs, Values, Works -- The Cultural Products of Social Construction -- 1. Institutionalization -- 2. Moral Codes -- 3. Social Class -- The Role of History in Cultural Knowledge -- Reason and Theory in Cultural Knowledge -- 1. Reason -- 2. Theory and Utopian Thinking: A Footing for Urban Planning -- Summary and Conclusion -- References -- 6 Self-Knowledge and Self-Transformation -- The Self as Object -- 1. The Physical Self -- 2. The Social Self -- 3. The Psychological Self -- The Self as Subject -- 1. The Psychological Self as Subject -- The Need for Affiliation (N-Affil) -- The Need for Power (N-Pow) -- The Need for Achievement (N-Ach) -- Recent Research Pertaining to a Professional Self -- 3. The Philosophical Self -- The Cohesive Synthetic Self -- Perception -- The Body -- Sexuality -- Spatiality -- Temporality -- Other Selves -- The Transcendent Self -- The Professional Self -- Conclusion of Part II -- Notes -- References -- PART II: Knowledge and Action -- 7 Theory of Action -- The Fundamental Threads of Action Theory -- 1. Pragmatism and the Elements of Practical Judgment -- 2. The Concept of Action in Philosophy -- 3. The Phenomenological View of Action -- Speech and Action -- 1. Expression and Speech -- 2. Speech and Metaphor: Language Games -- Communication, Meaning, and Action -- 1. The Linguistic Analysis of Meaning -- 2. The Structuralist View -- 3. The Experientialist View -- Recapitulation: A Phenomenological View of Meaning in Action -- 1. Multiple Channels of Expression -- 2. Multiple Levels of Signification -- 1. Intentionality -- 2. Relational -- 3. Multi-Functional -- 4. Contextual -- 3. Multiple Chains of Validity -- Summary -- Notes -- References -- 8 Social Action -- Introduction