Increased use of composite materials in engineering fields such as aerospace, energy, and civil infrastructures has led to concerns over composite material failures, leading to a need for smart/intelligent composite structures that are able to self-diagnose and self-heal.Advances in applied research in structural health management and smart composite structure fields are illustrated along with long-term health of composite structures, principles of health monitoring, damage evaluation, data analysis, and decision-making algorithms, implementation of health monitoring systems, present and future challenges.