The International Nuclear Order and its linchpin, the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), both offer de facto recognition of India and Pakistan as nuclear weapon states. The new International Nuclear Order was sponsored by the United States after the September 11 terrorist attacks; this book provides a critical analysis of the new order and the place of India and Pakistan within it. The volume highlights the prospects for an alternative International Nuclear Order based on NPT revival and reinforcement and the continuing marginalization of nuclear weapons from international politics. The author considers the possibility of establishing a robust nuclear arms control regime in South Asia as part of a broader effort to revive global nuclear arms control and disarmament negotiations.