Modern Beirut was a city of major importance in the Roman world, as one of the three main centers of the study of Roman law. In an impressive work of synthesis and analysis, Linda Jones Hall exploits numerous primary sources, including inscriptions, religious histories, literary references,. legal codes, and archaeological reports, to present a composite history of late antique Berytus- from its founding as a Roman colony in the time of Augustus, to its development into a center of legal study under Justinian.The book examines all aspects of life in the city, including geographical setting, economic base, built environment, political structures, religious. transitions from paganism to Christianity, and the self-identity of the inhabitants in terms of ethnicity and occupation. The full texts of numerous narratives are presented to reveal the aspirations of the law students, the professors, and their fellow citizens such as the artisans, The study also explores the cultural implications of the city's Greek, Roman and then Syro-Phoenician heritage.This volume provides the first detailed investigation of late antique Phoenicia, analysing the governors' and inhabitants' perception of themselves as Phoenician rather than Syrian from the Third Century onwards. Professor Jones Hall also looks at religious affiliations among pagans, Jews, and Christians. Through a study of the bishops and the churches, she shows that religious adherence involved many beliefs in addition to the prevailing Monophysitism.