VOLUME II POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS AND PROCESSESPART 5 Constitutional framework1 (22)The politics of constitution making3 (20)Ergun ÖzbudunPART 6 Executive23 (12)The status of the president of the republic under the Turkish constitution of 1982: presidentialism or parliamentarism?25 (10)Ergun ÖzbudunPART 7 Bureaucracy35 (18)Society and bureaucracy: the civil service37 (16)David BarchardPART 8 Parliament53 (44)Cyclical development, redesign and nascent institutionalization of a legislative system55 (42)Ersin Kalayc?o?luPART 9 Party system97 (78)Turkish party system in transition: party performance and agenda change99 (32)Ali Çarko?luTurkish political parties and elections: half a century of multiparty democracy131 (20)Frank TachauThe changing party system151 (24)Sabri Sayar?PART 10 Elections, voting175 (90)Voter profiles and fragmentation in the Turkish party system177 (17)Cem Ba?leventHasan Kirmano?luBurhan ?enatalarAt the ballot-box: determinants of voting behaviour in Turkey194 (23)Y?lmaz EsmerRegional cleavages in Turkish politics: an electoral geography of the 1999 and 2002 national elections217 (28)W. Jefferson WestUnconventional political participation in Turkey and Europe: comparative perspectives245 (20)Ersin Kalayc?o?luPart 11 Interest group politics, civil society265 (64)Non-state actors and environmentalism267 (18)Ci?dem AdemGlobalization, civil society and citizenship in Turkey: actors, boundaries and discourses285 (18)E. Fuat KeymanAhmet ?çduyguBusiness, globalization and democracy: a comparative analysis of Turkish business associations303 (26)Ziya Öni?Umut TüremPART 12 The military329The Turkish military?s decision to intervene: 12 September 1980331 (25)Tanel DemirelThe Justice and Development Party government and the military in Turkey356 (19)Metin HeperProblems of democratic governance of civil-military relations in Turkey and the European Union enlargement zone375 (18)Umit CizreTurkish politics and the military: a comparative analysis393William M. HaleAcknowledgements vii